Breast Cancer
Established screening
Screening can find breast cancer before a person notices symptoms. The right test and interval depend on age, risk and local guidance
- Mammography is a key population screening tool
- Higher-risk individuals may need a different pathway
- A new lump or concerning breast change needs clinical assessment
Nova AI lens: age + family history + previous breast findings + risk factors
Cervical Cancer
Established screening
Cervical screening looks for HPV infection and/or abnormal cervical cells before cancer develops
- HPV testing and cervical cytology are used in different programmes
- Intervals vary by age, test and national guidelines
- Screening is different from investigating symptoms
Nova AI lens: age + prior screening + HPV history + relevant clinical factors
Colorectal Cancer
Established screening
Screening can detect colorectal cancer early and can also identify precancerous polyps
- Stool-based tests and colonoscopy are common approaches
- Age and family history affect the pathway
- Blood in stool or persistent bowel changes need medical review
Nova AI lens: age + family history + bowel history + previous findings
Lung Cancer
Selected high-risk groups
Low-dose CT is used for lung cancer screening in selected people at increased risk, particularly based on age and smoking history
- Not intended as a routine scan for everyone
- Smoking exposure is a major risk factor
- Persistent respiratory symptoms require clinical evaluation
Nova AI lens: smoking exposure + age + risk factors + relevant clinical history
Prostate Cancer
Individual decision
PSA-based screening is not a one-size-fits-all test. The potential benefits and harms should be discussed with a clinician
- Age and family history can influence the conversation
- PSA can be elevated for reasons other than cancer
- Further testing may be needed after an abnormal result
Nova AI lens: age + family history + previous PSA results + clinical context
Liver Cancer
High-risk surveillance
Regular surveillance is relevant to selected people with chronic liver disease or other recognised high-risk conditions
- Surveillance is not the same as population screening
- Risk is strongly influenced by the underlying liver condition
- Ultrasound-based surveillance may be used in selected groups
Nova AI lens: liver disease + viral hepatitis + cirrhosis + relevant risk factors
Oral & Head/Neck
No routine population test
There is no established universal screening test for all asymptomatic adults. Suspicious oral or head/neck changes should be assessed promptly
- Persistent mouth ulcers or lumps need evaluation
- Tobacco and alcohol exposure increase risk
- Clinical examination can be important when concerns arise
Nova AI lens: symptoms + tobacco/alcohol exposure + clinical history
Pancreatic Cancer
Selected high-risk groups
Routine screening is not recommended for average-risk people. Surveillance may be considered in selected hereditary or familial high-risk groups
- Family history and inherited syndromes can matter
- High-risk surveillance is specialist-led
- New persistent symptoms require medical evaluation
Nova AI lens: family history + inherited risk + relevant clinical history
Ovarian Cancer
No routine population test
For women at average risk without symptoms, routine screening with CA-125 or ultrasound has not been shown to provide a net benefit
- Inherited risk may change the pathway
- Persistent symptoms need medical assessment
- High-risk management is different from population screening
Nova AI lens: family history + inherited risk + symptoms + clinical context
Skin Cancer
No routine population test
Routine whole-population screening is not established. Knowing your skin and getting suspicious changes checked can be important
- Watch for changing, bleeding or unusual lesions
- Sun exposure and individual risk can matter
- Suspicious lesions should be clinically assessed
Nova AI lens: personal risk factors + lesion history + relevant clinical information
Stomach Cancer
Country/risk dependent
Routine screening recommendations vary substantially by country and baseline risk. Some high-incidence regions have organised programmes
- Risk varies by geography and population
- Family history and certain gastric conditions can matter
- Persistent upper-GI symptoms need evaluation
Nova AI lens: family history + geography + gastric history + symptoms
Thyroid Cancer
No routine population test
Routine screening of asymptomatic adults is not generally recommended. A thyroid lump or concerning symptom needs clinical assessment
- Neck lump or enlargement should be evaluated
- Previous neck radiation may affect risk
- Ultrasound is generally diagnostic rather than a population screening test
Nova AI lens: symptoms + prior radiation + family history + clinical context